Young sp: The post-juv moult (c. Aug-Sep) includes parts of body, e.g. breast, flank, parts of mantle, scapulars and head. Post-juv plumage resembles that of females and eclipse adult males.

Young wp: The pre-br moult (c. Sep-Dec, but often prolonged into spring) starts shortly after completing the post-juv moult. Includes body (into colourful breeding plumage for males), scapulars, TT, TC and RR. Females usually retain some juv TT and TC until the following spring, whereas most males have moulted all TT and TC by Nov-Dec.
Adult SC: The post-br moult (c. Jun-Sep) includes the complete plumage (attaining eclipse plumage). Flightless for c. three weeks in mid-summer while moulting PP.

Adult wp: The pre-br moult (c. September-December, but often prolonged into spring) starts shortly after completing the post-br moult. Includes body, scapulars, TT, TC and RR.