Young sp: The post-juvenile moult includes most of body, LC, MC and usually 2-3 GC.
Young wp: According to Cramp & Perrins (1993), the pre-breeding moult includes some or all RR, some GC and throat feathers. However, inclusion of any GC must be restricted since few spring birds at Ottenby show pre-breeding GC. 
Adult SC: The post-breeding moult includes the complete plumage. 
Adult wp: According to Cramp & Perrins (1993), the pre-breeding moult includes some or all RR, some GC and throat feathers. However, inclusion of any GC must be restricted since few spring birds at Ottenby show pre-breeding GC.